More on Ergolding

This map shows the area associated with the R1b markers identified among the 670CE remains at Ergolding, Bavaria, Germany:



Checking the history reveals, around 830CE, this region was occupied by the Dames. This would agree with, and explain a match at the corrseponding latitude on the continent. This R1b is fringe Danish -- fringe Viking.

Therefore, DNA Spread Theory reveals that R1b entered the culture we know as Viking prior to the Danish Viking entering England.

By extension, If Haplogroups R1a and I were in Norway, and R1b is continental European -- with shared trade between Norway and Denmark during the pre-Christian and early Christian eras -- an amalgam of the two peoples would have formed under the umbrella of a common trade culture.

We therefore have a basis for the existence of the three haplogroups within the Viking clans. Those who we refer to as "Viking" emerged from an amalgam which created the unified culture which emerged from the seamen in Denmark. These than invaded England to form the district defined as DANELAW (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danelaw) -- of which "East Anglia" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia)is the eastern most region.

Obviously, Spread Theory requires additional regional DNA from antiquity. Research -- such as National Geographic's Genographic Project -- which identify genetic components among modern populations, tell us where the bulk of a haplogroup has taken root and expanded. These studies do not identify any regional origin. We can make the argument for people remaining within 25 miles of their birthplace. However, we know there are major population shifts. Consider the Thirty Years War: Major populations moved because of warfare. Plagues decimate, or erase, whole genetic groups -- which are then replaced in a manner which does not reflect the original composition of a region. Hence there are clear limitations to studies of existing populations.